2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
2.6 Foreign currency (continued)
(b) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are measured in the respective functional currencies of the Company and its
subsidiaries and are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currencies at exchange rates approximating
those ruling at the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are
translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign
currencies that are measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial
transactions. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies measured at fair value are translated using
the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at the reporting
date are recognised in profit or loss except for exchange differences arising on monetary items that form part of
the Group’s net investment in foreign operations, which are recognised initially in other comprehensive income and
accumulated under foreign currency translation reserve in equity. The foreign currency translation reserve is
reclassified from equity to profit or loss of the Group on disposal of the foreign operation.
Exchange differences arising on the translation of non-monetary items carried at fair value are included in profit or
loss for the period except for the differences arising on the translation of non-monetary items in respect of which
gains and losses are recognised directly in equity. Exchange differences arising from such non-monetary items are
also recognised directly in equity.
(c) Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into RM at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting
date and income and expenses are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. The exchange
differences arising on the translation are taken directly to other comprehensive income. On disposal of a foreign
operation, the cumulative amount recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity under
foreign currency translation reserve relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in the profit or loss.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of foreign operations are treated as assets and
liabilities of the foreign operations and are recorded in the functional currency of the foreign operations and
translated at the closing rate at the reporting date.
2.7 Property, plant and equipment
All items of property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. The cost of an item of property, plant and
equipment is recognised as an asset if, and only if, it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item
will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
Subsequent to recognition, plant and equipment and furniture and fixtures are measured at cost less accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required
to be replaced in intervals, the Group recognises such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciation,
respectively. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant
and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are
recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Freehold land, long leasehold land and buildings are measured at fair value less
accumulated depreciation on long leasehold land and buildings and impairment losses recognised after the date of the
revaluation. Valuations are performed with sufficient regularity to ensure that the carrying amount does not differ
materially from the fair value of the freehold land, long leasehold land and buildings at the reporting date.
216
KPJ Healthcare Berhad annual report
2014
Notes to the
Financial Statements
For the financial year ended 31 December 2014 (continued)
